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SSH and Telnet: File permissions - chmod
File permissions are controlled with the chmod command on Linux servers.

The chmod command can be launched from most FTP programs, or from the FileManager in the site owner panel or from a direct command login to the server via Telnet or SSH.


You can assign rights to:
1: the file owner
2: the group
3: the world

Each of these three can have Read, Write and Execute permissions. In general you should never assign Write permissions to "the world". If you do so - the Apache webserver will refuse to execute the file cause it'd be a huge security hole.

The three permissions are set with digits (for example 755) or letters (for example -rwxr-xr-x).
The first digit is the file owners permissions. The next is the groups permissions and the last is "the worlds" permissions.

Below is a listing of the most typical numeric settings (charcter settings are explained further down):

chmod 600 filename
You can read and write; the world can't. Good for files.

chmod 700 filename
You can read, write, and execute; the world can't.

chmod 644 filename
You can read and write; the world can only read. Good for html and php pages.

chmod 755 filename
You can read, write, and execute; the world can read and execute. Good for perl scripts.


Change file permissions with letters:

u = user (you)
g = group
a = everyone

r = read
w = write
x = execute

chmod u+rw filename
Give yourself read and write permission

chmod u+x filename
Give yourself execute permission.

chmod a+rw filename
Give read and write permission to everyone.

Last update: 12.07.2009, 21:11
Author: EchoEcho Support

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